Graphs in Scientific Visualization: A Survey

Graphs represent general node‐link diagrams and have long been utilized in scientific visualization for data organization and management. However, using graphs as a visual representation and interface for navigating and exploring scientific data sets has a much shorter history, yet the amount of work along this direction is clearly on the rise in recent years. In this paper, we take a holistic perspective and survey graph‐based representations and techniques for scientific visualization. Specifically, we classify these representations and techniques into four categories, namely partition‐wise, relationship‐wise, structure‐wise and provenance‐wise. We survey related publications in each category, explaining the roles of graphs in related work and highlighting their similarities and differences. At the end, we reexamine these related publications following the graph‐based visualization pipeline. We also point out research trends and remaining challenges in graph‐based representations and techniques for scientific visualization.     

Albero: A Visual Analytics Approach for Probabilistic Weather Forecasting

Probabilistic weather forecasts are amongst the most popular ways to quantify numerical forecast uncertainties. The analog regression method can quantify uncertainties and express them as probabilities. The method comprises the analysis of errors from a large database of past forecasts generated with a specific numerical model and observational data. Current visualization tools based on this method are essentially automated and provide limited analysis capabilities. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that breaks down the automatic process using the experience and knowledge of the users and creates a new interactive visual workflow. Our approach allows forecasters to study probabilistic forecasts, their inner analogs and observations, their associated spatial errors, and additional statistical information by means of coordinated and linked views. We designed the presented solution following a participatory methodology together with domain experts. Several meteorologists with different backgrounds validated the approach. Two case studies illustrate the capabilities of our solution. It successfully facilitates the analysis of uncertainty and systematic model biases for improved decision‐making and process‐quality measurements.     

雅砻江锦屏一级水电站筒形阀安装工艺研究

锦屏一级水电站单机的装机容量为600 MW,其机组上装设的直径为8 750 mm的筒形阀是目前国内已运行电站中直径大、重量重、水头最高的电液数字液压伺服控制器同步筒形阀。详细介绍了该电站筒形阀的结构特点及其安装工艺,以及在安装过程中的重点和难点。通过锦屏一级水电站筒形阀安装,总结了水电站筒形阀安装工艺及其技术控制措施,以期为后续水电站类似阀的设计、安装以及调试等工序提供借鉴。     

Electrochemical behaviour of a magnesium alloy containing rare earth elements

The corrosion of a magnesium alloy containing rare earth elements (WE43 type alloy) was studied in 0.05 and 0.5 M Na₂SO₄ or 0.1 and 1 M NaCl solutions using electrochemical techniques: linear polarization resistance, potentiodynamic polarization, impedance measurements. The electrolytes favoured anodic magnesium oxidation but the presence of rare earth elements improved the tendency of magnesium to passivation. The dissolution rates in chlorides were higher than in sulphates because chlorides, in contrast to sulphates, interfered with the formation and maintenance of a protective layer of corrosion products which decreased the severity of the attack. The effects of galvanic corrosion due to cathodic intermetallic precipitates at grain boundaries were particularly evident in chloride media at long testing times.     

Cellulose acetate and sulfonated polysulfone blend ultrafiltration membranes. I. Preparation and characterization

Modification of polymeric membrane materials by incorporation of hydrophilicity results in membranes with low fouling behavior and high flux. Hence, Polysulfone was functionalized by sulfonation and ultrafiltration membranes were prepared based on sulfonated polysulfone and cellulose acetate in various blend compositions. Polyethyleneglycol 600 was employed as a nonsolvent additive in various concentrations to the casting solution to improve the ultrafiltration performance of the resulting membranes. The total polymer concentration, cellulose acetate, and sulfonated polysulfone polymer blend composition, additive concentration, and its compatibility with polymer blends were optimized. The membranes prepared were characterized in terms of compaction, pure water flux, membrane resistance, and water content. The compaction takes place within 3–4 h for all the membranes. The pure water flux is determined largely by the composition of sulfonated polysulfone and concentration of additive. Membrane resistance is inversely proportional to pure water flux, and water content is proportional to pure water flux for all the membranes. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1749–1761, 2002     

指纹图谱技术在药用植物提取物质量控制中的应用

指纹图谱技术具有系统性、整体性、独特性等特点,现已广泛应用于药用植物鉴定及其质量评价。本文就药用植物提取物的指纹图谱主要研究技术和国内外研究进展进行了综述,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

制备方法对活性炭孔结构的影响

对不同制备方法包括物理活化法、化学活化法和催化物理活化法对活性炭孔结构的影响进行了评述；讨论了在物理活化、化学活化和催化物理活化过程中孔的形成机理，以及现阶段活性炭生产中存在的问题和难点。     

分子生物学技术在土壤生物修复中的应用及展望

综述了分子生物学技术包括环境微生物群落降解基因分析、16S rRNA序列分析技术以及荧光原位杂交技术在生物修复技术中跟踪污染土壤中降解微生物行为、监测降解基因和微生物群落变化,揭示了其中的分子机制的应用现状,对各项技术应用中需要注意的问题进行了讨论并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

含二氮杂萘酮结构环氧胶粘剂的研制

以低分子质量舍二氮杂萘酮结构环氧树脂与环氧树脂E44配合作为胶粘剂基料，低分子聚酰胺(H-4)为固化剂，试制了一种在常温及中温下都有较好粘接性能的环氧胶粘剂。当配方为m(E44)：m(ER)：m(H-4)=4:4:9时．在180℃下固化3h后，测其常温下的拉伸剪切强度为17．65MPa，80℃下为19．71MPa。并研究了固化工艺对粘接性能的影响。     

Tannin-measuring techniques

Techniques used in different biological and industrial fields for the detection and quantification of tannin compounds in plants are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the choice of method for ecological investigations, which may benefit from the use of a method that measures relative astringency of plant extracts at reduced costs in time and equipment, permitting the analysis of larger samples than may be feasible with more sophisticated analytical techniques.